PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire-9)
Last reviewed: 2026-07-27
Overview
The PHQ-9 is a validated 9-item depression screener based on DSM criteria. It is widely used in primary care and research. Screening results are not a diagnosis.
Measures: Depressive symptoms over the past 2 weeks
Score ranges (summary)
Minimal
Little to no depressive symptoms indicated.
Mild
Subthreshold symptoms that may still affect daily life.
Moderate
Clinically meaningful symptoms; follow-up is often recommended.
Moderately severe
Higher symptom burden; professional evaluation is advised.
Severe
High symptom severity; seek clinical care promptly.
Reference
Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9. J Gen Intern Med. 2001.
Medical disclaimer
This guide is for education only. Screening is not a diagnosis. Seek evaluation from a qualified clinician. In crisis, contact emergency services.